Development Studies free essay sample

This exposition is planned for investigating auxiliary functionalism with the Marxist and the noe-marxist speculations to social change, how they best portray social change in less created nations; for this situation Zambia. The paper is to likewise plot the pertinence of the two methodologies and think of one that offers the best methodology as on account of Zambia. Social change alludes to the basic change of political, social, social, and financial frameworks and organizations to make an increasingly steady society. It can likewise be characterized as change in social structure, the idea of the foundations, social conduct or the social relations of the general public or network of individuals. At the point when personal conduct standard changes in huge numbers and is noticeable and continued, it brings about social change. Once there is abnormality from socially acquired qualities, disobedience to the set up framework may result causing change in social request, any occasion or activity that influences a gathering of people who have shared estimations of attributes (Herman, Nancy J and Reynolds, Larry T: 1994). Auxiliary functionalism is characterized as a sociological hypothesis that initially endeavored to clarify social foundations as aggregate intends to meet individual natural needs ( Giddens, 2006). Basic functionalism to sociological investigation is essentially a harmony hypothesis. The framework is supposed to be in balance when its segment parts are so good with one another, denying an outside unsettling influence, none of them will change its position or connection to others in any critical manner. A harmony framework is supposed to be steady when a slight change in outer conditions makes inward varieties whose own belongings is equivalent and inverse to the underlying unsettling influence, in this manner moving the framework back to its previous situation of rest. It is supposed to be temperamental when the underlying aggravation makes development that benefits from its connections, in this manner dislodging the framework further from its unique situation of rest (Davies, K:1959). Basic functionalism can likewise be characterized as a sociological worldview which tends to social capacities and different components of the social framework act with respect to the whole framework. Social structures are pushed and set at the focal point of examination and social capacities are found from these structures(ibid). Functionalist accept that one can contrast society with a living life form, in that both society and a living creature are comprised of reliant working parts and frameworks that must capacity. Functionalists state that the various pieces of society e. g family, training, religion, peace, media and so on must be found as far as commitment that they make to the working of the entire society. This living being similarity sees the various pieces of society cooperating to frame a social framework similarly that the various pieces of a creature structure a strong working substance. Corresponding to the instance of Zambia, auxiliary functionalism is important in understanding social change. It is important in that it gives general rules to conduct regarding standards. These establishments of society, for example, family, religion, the economy, peace, the instructive and political frameworks are significant parts of social structure. A reasonable case of a foundation that is important in Zambia is a family. As per Glencoe (1995;114), the family is the main social world a youngster experiences, and individuals are the mirror wherein kids start to see themselves. It is the primary gathering whose standards and qualities kids receive as their own and allude to in assessing conduct. Recorded examination additionally exhibits that across time, the family has given numerous significant capacities to society. Functionalists accept that mass conventional training is a basic piece of a modern culture, and that extension of mechanical society, and that development of the mechanical economies gets a relating development the instruction framework, they additionally consider the to be of mass training as a reaction to the expanding request of the business. Instructive establishments, for example, schools, Universities and schools in Zambia help in the advancement procedure of Zambian culture. Glencoe (1995:118) includes that in present day society, school is an essential operator for weaning kids from home and acquainting them with the bigger society. He further includes that instructive foundations have rules and guidelines to control those in there henceforth teaching them as well as giving and encouraging them decides that will assist them with living better lives in the public arena. The broad communications is one organization that is additionally crucial. The structures that arrive at enormous quantities of individuals in type of, Television, radio, and books are exceedingly significant in that they contribute in being a guard dog, a station of correspondence, an educative methods and manners by which individuals communicate (on the same page). Another case of social change is innovation convergence as of late, for example, email, mobile phones and online informal organizations. Each piece of the organizations referenced and recorded plans something for fill a capacity or need in the Zambia social change. Individuals who utilize functionalism see society as a lot of interrelated parts that cooperate to create a steady social framework. The hypothesis of has a place with a board speculations that are alluded to as radical speculations of improvement. The speculations are additionally clarified regarding realism which are persuasive and authentic. By realism Karl Marx implied that the financial structure of society was the establishment or premise on which the entire society is manufactured (Andropove, V: 1983). In Marxist speculations, the division of society into classes is dictated by the situation inside the procedure of creation. Financial improvement offers ascend to these classes and accept various connections to the procedure of creation. Marxism subsequently is the name given to the assortment of thoughts, which in their totality give a completely worked out hypothetical reason for the battle of the regular workers to accomplish a higher type of human culture (on the same page). Class awareness comprises of the suitable and levelheaded responses credited to a specific run of the mill position during the time spent creation. This awareness is in this manner, neither the total nor the normal of what is thought or felt by the single people who make up the class. The verifiable critical activities of the class in general are resolved in the final retreat by this cognizance and not by the contemplations of the person. These activities can be seen uniquely by reference to this awareness (Klaus, W:1989). Karl Marx and Engels state 5 phases in which a human culture needs to go through with the end goal for it to create. These incorporate crude, feudalism, private enterprise, communism and socialism. Crude society is the main phase of improvement of human culture and emerges from the separation of man from the collective of animals (Popkin, H. R: 1986). Feudalism is the second phase of social improvement as indicated by Marxism. At this stage, the land rulers and nobles involved predominant classes and the laborers or serfs that had a place with the abused class. Free enterprise is the third stage and it includes the private responsibility for methods for creation. In private enterprise, there is a development of two classes, that is, the bourgeoisies as the proprietors of capital and the low class as the common laborers (Johari, J: 1989). Communism is the fourth stage under Marxism. In communism, the state has a significant task to carry out with respect to asset portion. The state is mindful to guarantee that all citizenry have equivalent and impartial access to assets. The last stage is Communism as per Marxism. A socialist society is one having neither class nor state and all assets in the public eye are similarly and evenhandedly dispersed. A Communist state can be alluded to as a laborers heaven. The neo-Marxists then again, in the wake of seeing the disappointment of average workers insurgencies in Western Europe after World War I, picked the pieces of Marxs believed that may explain social conditions that were absent when Marx was alive. They filled in what they saw to be oversights in Marxism with thoughts from different ways of thinking. Neo-Marxists see class divisions under private enterprise as more significant than sexual orientation/sex divisions or issues of race and ethnicity. Neo-Marxism envelops a gathering of convictions that share for all intents and purpose dismissal of monetary or class determinism and a confidence in any event the semiautonomy of the social circle. From the above data gave, it very well may be found that in spite of Marxism, and Neo-Marxism and the Structural functionalism having various ways to deal with social change, the two of them place an accentuation on the significance of society wherein all the individuals advantage and the how the general public creates as it enhances the everyday environments of its kin. Both Marxism, and Neo-Marxist and Structural functionalism accentuate that imbalance should exist all together for social change to happen. In Marxism bourgeoisie pay the working class low wages for their work. Auxiliary functionalists express that wages must be provided to laborers with the goal for them to complete their work of which by and large will in general be low. They additionally underline on the need of the utilization of power during the time spent social change. In the Marxist hypothesis, serfs are dealt with like slaves in that they are compelled to accomplish difficult work by the land rulers notwithstanding low wages. Power is utilized to control the serfs. In basic functionalism, individuals who conflict with the standards, qualities and rules administering a general public are to be rebuffed by some organization of equity. In both Marxist, and Neo-Marxist and Structural functionalism, citizenry have tasks to carry out with the goal for society to create and advance. This implies people are huge in themselves as well as far as their situation in examples of social relations. One of the contrasts between Marx

Relationship between man and woman an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Connection among man and lady Connection among man and lady and their inconveniences, this is the subject of the three writings Why I need a spouse by Judy Brady, Love must not be overlooked by Zhang Jie, and In the end, we are for the most part light, by Liz Rosenberg (1986). The primary content is a parody of the jobs of spouse as obviously counted by the creator. The second is an investigation of portrayal, sex, sexuality, and female independence (Gillette, 2003). In the last content, the status of adoration and penance among man and lady is underlined. Among the three messages be that as it may, Bradys work is best in passing on her musings about relationship and jobs among man and lady in marriage especially. Need paper test on Connection among man and lady subject? We will compose a custom paper test explicitly for you Continue College Students Often Tell EssayLab experts: What amount do I need to pay somebody to make my paper in time? Exposition scholars recommend: Rely On Our Help In Essay Writing Best Essay Writing Service Pay For Essay Reviews Write My Assignment Cheap Essay Writing In Why I Want a Wife, Brady (1993) offers models for a perfect spouse, which could be both theoretical and genuine. Circumstances and commitments of a spouse were described jokingly clarifying for what reason would a man need for a wife after division from one. The introduction was done obtusely basic a mocking definition. The language utilized has a sarcastic edge featuring both the creators accentuation on specific modifiers (demonstrated by italics) and in the surface structure of the sentences, which misrepresents the hidden reactions. The analysis was managed without precisely saying that the treatment isn't right rather it was suggested as the rundown of work expected in a spouse goes on. Through this composing procedure, Brady had the option to interface with the perusers her perspectives and remain on the cultural desire among ladies by and large as they enter marriage. Besides, the composing method end up being productive in drawing every single imaginable meaning and indica tions of how society as a rule characterized womens job in marriage. In spite of the fact that not expressly depicted, the writer additionally permitted the perusers to perceive what is inadequate in the depicted relationship. Dealing with the subject of sexual orientation jobs in marriage, the creator listed and represented the defects of the regular conviction, standards and principles of treating ladies in cultural foundations. The creator of the Why I need a spouse didn't attempt to deny the mockery she obviously feels on the issue of sexual orientation jobs and commitments in the general public. This and other cultural issues on ladies were on the whole and successfully introduced in this single straightforward expository work. Given the viable utilization of language, topic and substance, Brady had the option to associate with the peruser in a way that any individual who happens to peruse the content can scientifically understand the profundity of the issues shrouded in the content without scrutinizing the legitimacy of the setting in time period. The issues investigated in the content can connect the time thought. What is genuine at that point is likewise an issue at present. This among others is the motivation behind why the content had figured out how to come in a few reprints from when woman's rights is still new up to the current occasions. Having the creative mind to talk about women's activist concerns, which remains through time, gives the content its allure among the perusers through time. The subject has been generally considered in setting with the end goal that utilizing language in her own strategy, perusers in any piece of the world can identify with the issue being introduced. Love must not be overlooked by Zhang Jie is socially characterized, henceforth won't be speaking to different pieces of the world. Without earlier information on the social setting of the content, Jies work isn't all around pertinent. The sonnet In the End, we are for the most part light, by Liz Rosenberg is an away from of adoration as a factor in the presence of connections among man and lady. The decision of topic, approach, substance and structure separated the content from the other two writings. Bradys sarcastic methodology adequately calls the consideration of the perusers to consider the issues introduced. Reference Brady, J. Why I need a spouse. Writing for Composition, (Third Edition). HarperCollins Customs Books., 1993 Gillette, M. Judith Farquhar. Cravings: Food and Sex in Post-Socialist China. China Review International, Vol. 10, 2003 Rosenberg, L. At long last we are on the whole light. The Fire Music: University of Pittsburgh Press. 1986

Impacts of Bipolar Disorder on Professional Life Research - 1650 Words

Impacts of Bipolar Disorder on Professional Life Research (Research Paper Sample) Content: Impacts of Bipolar Disorder on Professional LifeNameInstitutionBipolar DisorderThere are various mental illnesses the people may suffer. There is a significant proportion of the population, not only in the country but across the world, with mental disorders. Mental illness cause mild to critically severe disturbances of the mind which may result in a change of behavior. Mental illnesses make a person unable to lead a normal life and unable to cope with lifes demands and routines. Most mental disorders have no known cause, and their diagnosis is complicated (Geddes, Miklowitz, 2013). According to the American Psychiatric Association, there are more than 200 classified forms of mental disorders. The disorders have different symptoms and effects on the lives of people. Bipolar disorder is one of the major mental diseases which affects the moods and the feelings of a person. This disorder affects the social relations of individuals and the professional aspects of working people (Michalak et al., 2017). This paper investigates the impacts of bipolar disorder on peoples working life.Bipolar disorder is one of the major mental diseases. It is a mood disorder and may affect the functioning of a person. It is a chronic illness that causes unusual shifts in the mood of a person, energy, ability to think straight, and performance of normal tasks (Forty et al., 2014). It is also referred to as the manic-depressive illness. The shifts in the moods among the patients with bipolar disorder are more severe compared to that of an average person. People with this disease experience variations of episodes of extreme high moods and very low moods. The instances of high moods are known as mania or hypomania while the lows are referred to as depression (Geddes, Miklowitz, 2013). If the disorder is not treated, the condition worsens and may lead to suicide and other effects. However, under medication and therapy, patients can suppress the disease and live with it.Th e Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) categorizes the disorder into four types. Bipolar I Disorder is a disorder where patients experience one or more episodes of mania or the extreme high moods. The instances of high moods are severe such that it requires hospitalization or they last for an extended period (Forty et al., 2014). During this instance, a patient's loses touch with reality. In other instances, they experience episodes of both mania and depression. Bipolar II Disorder is a type of bipolar disease where a person experiences extremely depressive episodes and a less severe episode of high moods. This kind of bipolar disease has no extreme symptoms. Cyclothymia or Cyclothymic Disorder is a condition of unstable mood shifts which is characterized episodes of mild hypomania and depression for an extended period, usually more than two years. Patients who suffer from this type of bipolar disorder experience instances of normal moods and stability. The ot her form of bipolar disorder is the condition that does not meet the criteria for bipolar I, II or cyclothymia but experiences conditions of significant mood shifts (Geddes, Miklowitz, 2013). The symptoms may not last long enough, or the episodes may not fit the requirements for bipolar I and II.The symptoms vary from one person to another. Some patients may experience one episode in a decade while others may have frequent mood shifts. The mania phase of the disease is characterized by extreme energy, increased activity, and productivity (Forty et al., 2014). The person may indicate signs of inflated self-esteem, reduced need for sleep, being talkative, rapid loss of attention, episodes of racing thoughts, increased productivity, and engaging in harmful activities. The depression phase of the disorder is characterized by a feeling of sadness and emptiness, loss of pleasure in daily activities, loss of energy, difficulty in concentration, appetite and weight loss, sleep disturbance, and recurrent thoughts of death (Michalak et al., 2017). The diagnosis of this disorder is conducted by professional psychiatrists who study the mood swings of a person. With the correct diagnosis, a person is put on medication and therapy. The common types of medications include mood stabilizers to treat and prevent mania and antidepressants for treating depression. Also, patients may be put under psychological treatments such as counseling and cognitive behavioral therapy.Impacts of Bipolar Disorder on Professional LifeThe effects of this disorder may be far reaching both in the life of the patient and the people around them. This mental problem adversely and significantly affects the patients careers and jobs. People suffering from bipolar disorder have high rates of unemployment and loss of work (Nafees, 2013). According to Nafees, most individuals with bipolar disorder are unemployed. This is because patients with this disorder tend to have high rates of absenteeism from work and they end up being sacked. The episodes of mania and depression may frequently occur in severe cases of the disorder. When this occurs, a patient is unable to go to work which leads to unproductivity. The disease leads to loss of working time as patients take some time to depress the moods. This leads to sacking or quitting. Other cases of the disorder are accompanied by instances of physical pain such as a migraine which makes a person unable to work (Nafees, 2013). Also, when the mood episodes occur, the situation may become unmanageable. This may cause strain in the relationships with the coworkers. This creates an awkward situation at the place of work and may lead to disciplinary action and may even result in termination of the job contracts. When this happens, the career advancement of a person is halted, and his or her profession suffers. In the case of patients under medication, the side effects associated with the medicines provided may worsen the situation at the workpl ace. The drugs that are used to treat this disorder are associated with drowsiness, poor coordination, nausea, difficulty in speech, and rapid loss of concentration (Procyshyn Jeffries, 2015). This makes the patients have problems at workplaces which negatively affects the profession of a person.It is also a difficult task to get a job when a person is diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Employers would be uncomfortable hiring people with mental illnesses. It becomes hard for the bosses to trust such employees and their capabilities are put in doubt. This makes young graduates who have been diagnosed with the problem have difficulties when seeking employment (Nafees, 2013). Bipolar patients may be misunderstood at the workplaces. When they recover from the manic or depressive episodes, they suffer low-grade depression and anxiety. The conditions may take some time to fade off, and therefore the patients may take a long time to adjust to the normal lives. At the workplaces, such patien ts may be accused of laxity and complacency in the execution of their duties. This has adverse effects on the career progression and professional development.Popular People with Bipolar DisorderBipolar disorders do not choose their patients. They affect people from all classes in the society from politicians to celebrities. While there is no single profession is associated with the disorder, the majority of the people publically known to suffer from the illness are artists (Filer, 2014). Individuals with this disorder are thought to be crazy and abnormal. Therefore, people rarely tal...

Analysis Of John Updike s A P - 1293 Words

John Updike is viewed by his readers as a progressive voice in his work that promotes feminist issues. He makes these issues stand out more evidently, rather than hidden, in order for the reader to realize how women are viewed in society. From reading Updike’s AP, the story sends the message to readers of genders working together to strive for equality. If readers do not carefully and actively read AP they may miss key messages about the power men hold over women, not just in society but in literature as well. Even though Updike’s AP seems to be a story about a teenager finally standing up to his boss and quitting the job he hates, the tone used reveals the hidden message on how women are in a male-oriented world. The relationship between both men are women are shown as unequals, men on the top and women always below them, Updike makes sure to open up the reader s eyes in realizing the way females are being treated unfairly. The first bathing suit girl who walks into the AP and catches Sammy’s immediately looks at the chunky girl with a two-piece plaid bathing suit on that showed off her sweet broad soft-looking can (Updike 157). Sammy goes in detail at pointing out this girl’s body features, especially her behind, those two crescents of white just under it, where the sun never seems to hit (Updike 158). If the girl knew he was looking at her so intensely how would she feel? How would you feel if that was an everyday occurrence, getting criticized by your body orShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Updike s A P2577 Words   |  11 Pagescome together and declare allegiance to a similar core of beliefs. And, when they do, they ask a particular set of question about a literary work. Each different way of analyzing a literary work elicits a different set of questions. AP, a short story by John Updike, would best be analyzed by using the school of New Criticism and analyzing the journey Sammy, the narrator, experiences throughout the story. The school of New Criticism believes that the work’s overall meaning depends solely on the textRead MoreAnalysis Of John Updike s A P2084 Words   |  9 Pagesallegiance to a similar core of beliefs. Once they do, they ask a particular set of questions about the literary work. Each different way of analyzing brings up different sets of questions. There are a total of seven different schools. John Updike’s short story A P, would be analyzed best using the school of New Criticism and analyzing Sammy’s experience throughout the day. New Criticism is the work’s overall meaning depending on the text in front of the reader. In high school or in freshman collegeRead MoreAnalysis Of John Updike s A P 1804 Words   |  8 Pagesit’s seemingly infallibility. Most young people feel invincible, but really it is their naivety and inability to understand the harsh concept of reality that enables this behavior. While a common theme in literature, John Updike gives the tale of youth a consumerist spin in â€Å"AP†. Updike tells the story of Sammy the cashier, who see’s himself as superior to those around him and believes he will turn out nothing like the adults he’s surrounded with. He seems to get his chance to be great when some beautifulRead MoreAnalysis Of John Updike s A P With A Strong Voice And An Eye Catching Event866 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"In walks three girls in nothing but bathing suits†.(Updike 430) John Updike immediately introduces the 1962 short story â€Å"A P† with a strong voice and an eye catching event. Updike continues the short story with partial sentences, word repetition, and tense shifts to bring excitement and life to the readers. A P is the grocery store, located in a small New England town that tells the life of a typical 19 year old boy who is maturing into adulthood.Through the eyes of the narrator the readersRead MoreA P By John Updike1190 Words   |  5 PagesA P is a story of Sammy who is a 19 year old boy working as a clerk at a grocery store in a small town in New England. Published back in 1961 narrative defining A P is the popular mythology of 1960s basically where youthful rebellion powers took over the soulless system. (Sustana) Therefore Updike has written a story that includes key elements of myth along with the background of postwar prosperity and the attendan t consumer culture. Where there is a strong hint of the Cold War as hero characterRead MoreA P By John Updike1441 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Updike is considered one of the greatest writers in modern American history. He is known for the idea that seemingly ordinary aspects of American life are actually quite fascinating. He wanted readers to see the beauty and magic of life, so he tried to describe everyday things using the most clear but beautiful language possible. Many of Updike’s pieces are drawn from his own life such as his marriage and his boyhood, as shown in three of his short stories: â€Å"AP†, â€Å"Ace in the Hole†, and â€Å"PigeonRead More The Decline of Chivalry Explored in Araby and AP Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pageswin hearts of women for centuries. However, as society constantly changes, the effectiveness of these chivalrous acts has diminished. In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and John Updike’s â€Å"AP†, this th eory is explored, both telling the story of a boy whose efforts to impress the girl of their desires fail. As said by Well’s in his critical analysis of these stories, â€Å"Both the protagonists have come to realize that romantic gestures—in fact, that the whole chivalric view [sic] --- are, in modern times, counterproductive†Read MoreAnne Lamott’S Great Wisdom On How To Write Shares Many1905 Words   |  8 Pagescharacters.†In this essay, there will be comparisons and analysis between Anne Lamott’s wide descriptions about writings and two short stories by John Updike and Gail Godwin. Both Updike and Godwin have illustrated amazing fiction stories that shares many clues and rules that can be found in Lamott’s argument for climax and change. This essay will present two short fictional stories: â€Å"AP† by John Updike, and â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† by Gail Godwin. â€Å"AP† shares an interesting piece of art illus trating theRead MoreThe parallel between â€Å"Cathedral† and â€Å"AP†1892 Words   |  8 Pages The parallel between â€Å"Cathedral† and â€Å"AP† Raymond Carver with â€Å"Cathedral† and â€Å"AP† by John Updike are both short stories, even if in facts they are written during the same century, readers can interpret the changes that occurred to be really different. They both introduce characters that are being victim of stereotype by the protagonists, but somehow these characters made a great change into the protagonists’ view of the world and life itself. The stories differ in atmosphere and the quantityRead MoreThe Psychoanalytical Criticism Of Psychoanalysis And Education Essay2096 Words   |  9 Pagesuse it in any story. The Psychoanalytical criticism is used today in literature to help the audience understand human motivation through either the characters or the author itself. After all the author is the creator and should be considered in the analysis to find what the reader desires to know about the characters. In Psychoanalysis And Education : Minding A Gap the authors Linden West and Alan Bainbri dge provide the benefits that psychology provides to different people â€Å"Psychoanalysis, broadly defined

Is There Anybody Out There. Drug Abuse Is A Major Problem

Is There Anybody Out There? Drug abuse is a major problem in the United States and throughout the world as more and more people become addicted every day. As Maia Salavitz points out, â€Å"Addiction is one of the most serious health problems we face today, and as of 2010, more than 23 million people have an addiction to drugs, and according to the National Institutes of Health, these addictions contribute to more than 100,000 deaths per year.† When you hear the words drug addict you think of a â€Å"junkie† or â€Å"crack head†, and when you see someone pan handling for money on the street, passed out, or swaying in a doorway you wonder why don’t they get help? Through my research, I hope to show what barriers people face when trying to seek the†¦show more content†¦According to results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an estimated 2.4 million Americans used prescription drugs non-medically for the first time within the past year, which avera ges to approximately 6,600 initiates per day. This population would seek help if not for the fear and shame they feel about being labeled as a drug addict. These stigmas perpetuated by people believing that addiction is a character flaw or a sign of weakness can create such fear in a person that they won’t ever get the help they need. They worry about losing their jobs or family so opt to go without treatment despite the consequences to their health, which could even lead to death. In the â€Å"Addiction† article published by the Gale group it states that â€Å"According to the CDC, in 2013 more than sixteen thousand people died from prescription opioids, an increase of 50 percent in three years.† Addiction does not discriminate; it makes no distinction between a person’s age, sex, color, or financial situation. However, the fear one gets does and the stigma of addiction leaves many Americans unwilling to fund better treatment. Insurance plays a major role in whether or not a person can be treated for addiction. Even when insurance does cover treatment, there might not be an available treatment center or provider to help with your needs. An article written by Brandy Pugh in the National Center onShow MoreRelatedDrug Addiction : Today s Society945 Words   |  4 PagesDrug addiction is one major problem in today’s society. Really, every country faces such issues today. A ton of measures are taken to battle against medication misuse, and, certainly, a few improvements are obvious. Nonetheless, this issue is not dispensed with and, maybe, will never be. Today, Americans are losing their employments, families, and even their lives over the misuse. There are a considerable measure of legal drugs that Americans are dependent on, yet there are additionally a great dealRead MoreEssay about Drug Legalization1209 Words   |  5 Pages Drug Legalization Strong drug enforcement in the United States is correlated with the reduction in crime , drug use, and drug addiction growth rates. The impact on tougher drug sanctions has been overshadowed by a myth that U.S. drug enforcement has become too lenient. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This myth has been promoted by the multi-million dollar pro-drug legalization lobby, civil libertarians, and misguided academic researchers to the public with limited review and challenge. Attacks onRead MoreDrugs And Its Effects On Society893 Words   |  4 PagesDrugs are everywhere. There are many reasons why people turn to drugs, such as peer pressure, depression, and etc. Using drugs is a choice that many people decide to do. Drugs can get prescribed by people such as doctors and psychiatrists and those drugs can be used to help cure the body. Even with those prescribed drugs some like to abuse them, which can have a negative effect on our bodies and can lead to many different things. Things such as possibly going to jail, losing your job, ruin relationshipsRead MoreIs There Anybody Out There?. Maia Szalavitz, Author Of1484 Words   |  6 Pages Is There Anybody Out There? Maia Szalavitz, author of Unbroken Brain, points out in an article about our finger-pointing mentality on drug abuse, â€Å"Addiction is one of the most serious health problems we face today, and as of 2010, more than 23 million people have an addiction to drugs, and according to the National Institutes of Health, these addictions contribute to more than 100,000 deaths per year.† Drug abuse is a major problem in the United States and throughout the world as more and moreRead MoreEssay on Homeless in America825 Words   |  4 PagesBeds for Everybody One of the major issues nationally is people who are becoming homeless and the fact that one third of the homeless population have served this country, which is around 195,000 veterans. Thats more than the death count of the Vietnam war. Most homeless people are male about three percent are women, most are single and come from disadvantaged backgrounds. Its a major issue, this is America there should not be thousands of people across this nation that are homeless especiallyRead MoreWho Feels Grief?1779 Words   |  7 PagesLittle by little, hour by hour, day by day, people die. The people that die could be loved ones, strangers, friends, foes, just about anybody! Death is a terrible ordeal that one has to go through. Although people die every day the loss that someone feels changes them; as well as those they love, those they were close too, even those they don’t know. How can something that is so frequent effect people in tremendous days? Shouldn’t death be expe cted? Though people are always cautioned to expect theRead MoreEssay on The Drug Heroin1390 Words   |  6 PagesDrugs Drugs have been around for hundreds of years. Indians were known to have used Opium and other drugs for medical and various other purposes. During the 7th Century A.D. in China a drug emerged called Opium. Opium, the dry juice from immature seed pods of the opium poppy plant, is a narcotic drug that is very powerful in the relief of pain but is also very addictive. At the beginning Opium was like any other drug, but then people unaware of the harm it could cause began to useRead MoreThe Effects Of Substance Abuse On Children1443 Words   |  6 Pageslead to impairment or distress in many different ways such as, â€Å"recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home, recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous, recurrent substance-related legal problems, continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance† (Susic, 2007). According to the Foster Care Club, there are preciselyRead MoreEssay on Reasons for the Legalization of Marijuana987 Words   |  4 PagesThe War on Drugs has been fighting a tough opponent over the past few decades. Aimed at cutting down on drug use and sales, this war has brought many negative side effects along with it. Aside from limiting the freedoms of millions of Americans, The War on Drugs has caused many more problem s while also managing to fail at drug deterrence and distribution. Since many citizens already back the legalization of marijuana, as demonstrated by Oaklands passing of Measure Z, which makes marijuanaRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Bipolar Disorder1301 Words   |  6 Pages Separately, substance abuse and bipolar disorder are two very serious conditions, and both have been proven to be caused in part by heredity. Shockingly, co-occurrence of both disorders in a single person is a very common combination, and it can be very dangerous. People who have both bipolar disorder and an addiction are understood to have a â€Å"dual-diagnosis† or â€Å"genetic overlap†. Often, each condition can worsen the symptoms of the other; having both problems increases the risk of mood swings

Methodology Project Management

Question: Write about theMethodologyfor Project Management. Answer: Introduction Project Management is observed to be extensively used in some form or the other in various business sectors (Kerzner, 2013). This is mainly because making an effective use of the project management proves to be beneficial for the business organizations to clarify the goals and identify the problem areas and risk and it also assist in isolating the activities and monitoring the outcomes (Turner, 2014). Moreover, with the help of project management, the accountability can be enhanced since it helps in isolating the works and assigning the responsibilities in an efficient manner. Thus, on the basis of the aspects, project management can be defined as a temporary endeavour that is undertaken by the business organizations that follows a specific cycle of initiation, defining, planning, execution and close for the development of a unique product or service through effective coordination of human, material and financial resources. Thus, on the basis of the above aspects related to effective application of project management, the essay emphasizes upon the applying the project management methodologies in context to the Engineering and Construction Project Tender that has been received. Managing an Engineering and Construction Project is observed to be different from the management of the other projects. The differences that exist between these two type of projects generally stems from the nature and the characteristics of the engineering and the construction projects (Chen et al., 2009). So for the successful management of the construction, it is important on the part of the project manager to take into consideration the differences that exist between the nature and characteristic of the construction projects and the other projects. A construction projects is generally observed to be capital intensive and thus demands significant involvement of the management skills and effective coordination of the wide range of experts from different fields. The construction projects are generally undertaken outside and thus they are susceptible to many variables that include traffic and weather (Ghanem AbdelRazig, 2006). While undertaking the construction project, it is important on the part of the project manager to efficiently address the geography and conditions of the project site and relationship between the project and the environment in which it is being undertaken. The construction projects are also subject to variety of laws and regulations that strive towards ensuring the public safety and the minimizing the environmental impact. In comparison to the other industries, the construction projects demands intensive use of labor and it also consumes large amount of materials and physical tools. It has been observed that the management of construction projects has a lot in common with the management of the similar types of the projects and so the studies conducted by Burke, (2013) has put forward the fact that the much of the content of the PMBOK_Guide is directly applicable in case of the construction projects. However, even though it has been said that the management of construction projects is similar to the management of the other kind of projects in various aspects, construction project is characterized with certain peculiarities that differentiate the management of the construction project from the other projects like software development. As for example, in case of construction projects, the project managers are often changed from one phase to another phase. Thus in order to acknowledge the differences, Project Management Institute has provided a guide for effective management of the construction project i.e. The Construction Extension Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge 3rd edition. This guide put forward four additional knowledge areas that include the project safety management, project environmental management, project financial management and project claim management. As per the studies conducted by Larson Gray, (2011), it has been observed that the in a construction project, the major tasks that are involved include effective coordination of the professionals within the project team in order to enable them to put their best efforts to contribute towards the successful completion of the project. Moreover, it is also the fact that for effectively managing the construction projects, it is important to have an enhanced understanding of the design and construction processes in addition to the knowledge regarding the project m anagement and general management. In addition, the other major important aspects in context to effective management of the construction projects include the ability to communicate effectively and the ability to efficiently manage the team. As per the studies conducted by Meredith Mantel, (2011), it has been observed that the functions of project management in construction include specifying the objectives and plans of the project that include the preparing the project scope, budget and schedule, setting the performance requirements and selecting the participants of the project. Project management also helps in maximizing the effective utilization of the available resources by procuring the labor, materials and equipment as per the schedule and the plan that has been prescribed (Schwalbe, 2015). It also proves to be beneficial in implementing the operations through effective coordination and control of the planning, design, estimating, contracting and constructing activities through out the process of the construction and it assists in developing effective communication and mechanisms in order to resolve the conflicts among the construction project team members. In context to the Kerzners project Management, analysis of the chapter 5 i.e. the Management Functions revealed the fact that it deals with various aspects in project management that include the interpersonal influences on the project, the barriers to project team development and the ways in which the newly formed team can be handled (Turner, 2007). Thus, it provides the ways in which the project needs to follow the steps that include the planning, organizing, directing and controlling and with the help of these activities the project manager is responsible to ensure that the goals of the project has been accomplished. It provides the Douglas McGregor theory that proves to be beneficial in motivating the team members towards putting their efforts to achieve the goals of the project and proposes the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs of theory to motivate the team members to realize their needs and move up towards satisfying their higher level needs (Wysocki, 2011). So these aspects clearly a pply to the construction project and as per the analysis of the Chapter 5, it is observed that in case of projects like the construction project, one need to emphasize upon developing effective relationships in order to prevent chaos and this can also be achieved by clearly defining the goals and responsibilities of the team members (Kerzner, 2013). In addition to the above aspects, it is also important to efficiently conduct the human resource planning since the construction project is a labor intensive project. On the other hand, analysis of the Chapter 21, it is observed that it deals with the project management maturity model. The analysis reveals that it becomes important on the part of the organization to be mature enough to adopt the project management techniques to accomplish the project successfully (Kerzner, 2013). So, in this context, Kerzners PM Maturity Model strives towards describing the characteristics of each level of maturity that includes the risks, the roadblocks and the actions required for completing each level. As per the Kerzners PM Maturity Model, there are five levels that include the common language, the common processes, singular methodology, benchmarking and the continuous improvement. At the first level, i.e. common language, the organizations strive towards recognizing the importance of project management and need for gaining an understanding of the basic knowledge of the project management and its terminology (Cicmil, 2006). At the second level i.e. the common processes, the organizations strive towards recognizing the need for common processes and thus the organization emphasize upon making a concentrated effort for using project management and developing the processes and methodologies for supporting the effective use of project management. At the third level i.e. the singular methodology, the organizations strive towards developing singular methodologies rather than utilizing multiple methodologies in order to achieve synergy and process control (Cicmil et al., 2006). At the fourth level i.e. the benchmarking, the organizations strive towards performing the benchmarking on a regular basis against those practiced in similar and the other industries and them develops few selected critical success factors (Kerzner, 2011). At the fifth level, i.e. continuous improvement, the organizations strive towards evaluating the information learnt during the benchmarking process and thus implements that change that is necessary for improving the proj ect management process (Kerzner, 2013). So, the above aspects prove to be beneficial in efficiently managing the construction project. Moreover, for effective process of the project, there exist methodologies like PRINCE2 and PMBOK. The first process in project management is Starting Up a Project and it is done before initiating the project it is related to the Initiating Process group in the PMBOK Guide (Demir Kocaba?, 2010). This is the phase where the understanding is developed of several things, the reasons behind why the project has been undertaken and the ways in which the project fits in with the corporate strategies, the individuals who are involved in the decision making process and what would be outcomes of the project and how it would be achieved. So, in this phase the project brief is prepared and the team is appointed and the plan is developed. The project brief and the plan is forwarded to the project Board for approval and if the plan is seemed as sensible then the project is approved (Yeong, 2011). The decision in context to the project board authorizes the first stage for directing the project process and this is the only process that carried out by the project board. The next phase is project initiation and in this phase, a detailed planning work is carried out. The main output of the project Initiation Documentation that is not dissimilar to the project management plan in the PMBOk Guide (Matos Lopes, 2013). It puts forward the strategies to manage the issues, changes, risks, communication and configuration together with the project plan and detailed business case. Thus, it can be said that the PID is characterized with everything that is required for the project board for taking decision of whether to authorize the project or not. The project manager emphasizes upon performing the Managing s Stage Boundary Process before moving on to the next stage of the project and it is performed at the end of the each project stage except the final stage of the project (McHugh Hogan, 2011). Moreover, this is the phase where the project manager strives towards revising the project plan and the business case and prepares the End Stage Report. Once the project and next stage has been authorized by the board, controlling phase is carried out and this phase is managed by the Project Manager who tends to manage the risks, issues and manages the work done by the teams and progress is reported to the Project Board and thus takes any corrective actions (Jamali Oveisi, 2016). In parallel to the above process, the Team Managers strive towards Managing the product Delivery process and this is the phase where the product of the project is specified by the clients are developed and tested and where required the product is handed over to the client. So, in this context, it can be said that PRINCE2 emphasizes upon providing a brief description to the project management processes that need to be performed and it does not focus upon the development processes (Karaman Kurt, 2015). So, this refers to the fact that the Team Manager strive towards managing the development work of the team by using the agile approaches that include the SCRUM and this is fitted easily within the PRINCE2 model. The controlling stage of the project and the Managing Product Delivery Processes are integrated in order to execute, monitor and control the process groups in the PMBOK Guide. Conclusion Thus from the above discussions, it can be inferred that since the construction projects are different in various aspects from the other projects, the stages proposed by the PMBOK and PRINCE2 should be followed efficiently to achieve the desired outcomes of the project. References Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Chen, P., Partington, D., Qiang, a. M. (2009). Cross-cultural understanding of construction project managers' conceptions of their work. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135(6), 477-487. Cicmil, S. (2006). Understanding project management practice through interpretative and critical research perspectives. Project Management Institute. Cicmil, S., Williams, T., Thomas, J., Hodgson, D. (2006). Rethinking project management: researching the actuality of projects.International Journal of Project Management,24(8), 675-686. Demir, C., Kocaba?, ?. (2010). Project management maturity model (PMMM) in educational organizations.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,9, 1641-1645. Ghanem, A. G., AbdelRazig, Y. A. (2006). A framework for real-time construction project progress tracking. InEarth Space 2006: Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environment(pp. 1-8). Jamali, G., Oveisi, M. (2016). A Study on Project Management Based on PMBOK and PRINCE2.Modern Applied Science,10(6), 142. Karaman, E., Kurt, M. (2015). Comparison of project management methodologies: prince 2 versus PMBOK for it projects.International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Research,4(4), 572-579. Kerzner, H. (2011).Using the project management maturity model: strategic planning for project management. John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E. W., Gray, C. F. (2011). Project management: The managerial process. Matos, S., Lopes, E. (2013). Prince2 or PMBOKa question of choice.Procedia Technology,9, 787-794. McHugh, O., Hogan, M. (2011). Investigating the rationale for adopting an internationally-recognised project management methodology in Ireland: The view of the project manager.International Journal of Project Management,29(5), 637-646. Meredith, J. R., Mantel Jr, S. J. (2011).Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley Sons. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Turner, J. R. (2014).The handbook of project-based management(Vol. 92). New York, NY: McGraw-hill. Turner, R. (2007). A handbook for project management practitioners. Wysocki, R. K. (2011).Effective project management: traditional, agile, extreme. John Wiley Sons. Yeong, A. (2011). The marriage proposal of PRINCE2 and PMBOK.

Pollution in Large Cities Affect Human Health Essay Example

Pollution in Large Cities Affect Human Health Paper This essay aims to discuss three kind of pollution in large cities affect human health. Air, water and land pollution. Main Body: Paragraph 1: TTS: The general air pollution such as particulate matter is what large cities cannot avoid neither and can lead to respiratory infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and even blindness. Air pollution is divided into outdoor air pollution and indoor air pollution. Judiciary air pollutant(natural asthma in children @London environmental tobacco smoke(compared with village homes) Fail to confirm chemicals in biomass smoke (lung) cancer But cooking(may) lung cancer in women Paragraph 2: TTS: Recreational waters in large cities also have the risk of causing diseases. Recreational waters generally contain a mixture of pathogenic and non- pathogenic microorganisms(sewage effluents, livestock, industrial processes, farming activities, domestic animals and wildlife) and free-living pathogenic microorganisms. *infection of upper respiratory tract, ears, eyes, nasal cavity and skin. Paragraph 3: TTS: Land pollution contains Solid wastes and Toxic wastes which are the main cause of deadly disease. And this two wastes can also influence the quality of the water. (nutrient enrichment) Owing to the great growth of economy, the living level of people has risen and the population in large city is enlarged. This also means enormous stress for land using. People are exposed to relatively large amounts of pesticides, industrial chemicals, and heavy metals, with uncertain health effects. Conclusion: Air pollution, water pollution and land pollution effect human health though respiratory disease, skin disease and industrial processes. We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution in Large Cities Affect Human Health specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution in Large Cities Affect Human Health specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution in Large Cities Affect Human Health specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer